Zoonotic schistosomiasis japonica is a major health risk for more than 40 million Chinese with a million people and several hundred thousand livestock infected. Major endemic foci occur in the lake (Dongting and Poyang) and marshlands along the Yangtze River basin; elimination of transmission has proved difficult. For the past 50 years the Chinese government has made great strides in controlling a disease regarded as a public-health priority, but this is predicted to change as a consequence of the completion of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), which crosses the Yangtze River. The environmental and ecological impacts will result in exponential expansion of the habitat for the intermediate snail host Oncomelania hupensis, increasing the risk of human and bovine infection, resulting in potentially severe consequences for control. We have shown that bovine infections are responsible for the persistence of human schistosomiasis transmission in China. Schistosomes debilitate infected domestic livestock which are used for food and as work animals, consequently adding to the economic burden and suffering of endemic communities. Transmission reduction is a key step in eliminating schistosomiasis, but current praziquantel-based control programs are unable to achieve this due to the inability of praziquantel to prevent re-infection. We propose that a multi-component integrated approach (incorporating praziquantel chemotherapy, mollusciciding and bovine vaccination) targeting the various transmission pathways is required for sustainable control and elimination in response to the changing environment as a result of the TGD. This presentation will outline research undertaken in recent years into schistosomiasis control and elimination in China.